Some of the fundamental activities of the software development process are related to the discipline of Requirements Engineering. Their objectives are to discover, analyze, document, and verify the system’s requirements. The requirements are the conditions or capabilities that software needs to have or fulfill to meet its users’ needs, and problems in its identification can mean the failure of a software project. This study is part of the research that is being developed to propose a model based on Know­ledge Organization (...) Systems to be used in the Requirements engineering process. This article aims to present the results of an analysis on a set of Know­ledge Organization Systems to identify whether they are likely to be applied in the Requirements engineering process and identify at which stage of this process each one of them can be implemented. The Know­ledge Organization Systems analyzed were the authority files, gazetteers, glossaries, subject headings, classification systems, thesauri, semantic networks, and ontologies. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the Know­ledge Organization Systems analyzed can be used in the Requirements engineering process and, consequently, contribute to increasing the software requirements’ quality. (shrink)

A chegada de um grande empreendimento traz transformações de grandes escalas no ambiente urbano. O processo de reorganização espacial e de desenvolvimento da cidade passa a sofrer modificações aceleradas. Diante disto, esta pesquisa vem abordar as transformações, no município de Carpina-PE, ocorridas a partir do estabelecimento do Shopping Carpina, analisando o papel desse equipamento comercial nos aspectos socioeconômicos e na infraestrutura local. A importância desse debate se dá pela possibilidade de analisar as implicações advindas da instalação do shopping e suas (...) características, mostrando sua centralidade e importância para a evolução do município. Para tanto, foi empreendida uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando questionários e entrevistas com as comunidades vizinhas, corretores de imóveis e secretaria de infraestrutura da cidade. A partir da análise da importância não só do crescimento econômico, mas também do crescimento imobiliário do município, foi possível avaliar as transformações urbanas e os impactos causados, contribuindo de modo significativo para a compreensão das percepções acerca dos espaços urbanos estabelecidos no município em questão. (shrink)

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness with higher mortality in older adults. This condition is spread person-to-person through close contact, and among policies employed to decrease transmission are the improvement of hygiene habits and physical distancing. Although social distancing has been recognized as the best way to prevent the transmission, there are concerns that it may promote increased depression symptoms risk and anxiety, mainly in older adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to verify self-concept of social distancing in adults compared to (...) older adults. All participants, over 18 years and residents of São Paulo state, were invited to join this research study by a message application and answered an interdisciplinary questionnaire during the period from May 23 to June 23, 2020. The questions were divided into the following aspects: sociodemographic data, financial conditions, routine-related perception, perception of health, physical and emotional state, and eating habits. The younger adult group was composed of 139 participants, with a mean age of 43.15 years, and the older adult group was composed of 437 participants with a mean age of 67.59 years of both sex. Changes in routine during the period of social distance were reported by 95% of adults and 96.8% of older adults, but adults indicated more significant alterations in routine. Although there was no difference between groups for several aspects, adults revealed greater alterations in sleep quality, evacuation frequency, and more difficulty to perform daily activities at home. Further studies are necessary to follow up the impacts of social distancing among adults and older adults in different socioeconomic contexts to better understand the long-term alterations and the necessity of interventions. (shrink)

The objective of this study is to compare the quantity of citations that retracted and nonretracted articles received in engineering based on articles indexed in the Web of Science database and published between 1945 and 2015. For data analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used along with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann–Whitney, Tukey–Kramer tests and descriptive statistics. The data set included 238 retracted and 236 nonretracted articles, with the retracted articles cited 2,348 times and nonretracted articles cited 2,957 times. (...) The results highlight that retraction does not end citation, thus threatening scientific credibility. (shrink)

This study assesses the retractions of scientific articles in engineering journals indexed on the Web of Science from 1945 to 2015. The data set was built based on documents containing the keywords retracted, retraction, withdrawal, or redress. We used database exploration techniques, including Structured Query Language and analysis of variance, for data analysis. We analyzed 238 retractions published by 117 journals. The most common reason for retraction was unethical research, and higher impact factors journals tended to publish more retractions. In (...) conclusion, most of the analyzed retractions were the result of unethical research and were retracted by editors. (shrink)

In his 1903 Syllabus, Charles S. Peirce makes a distinction between icons and iconic signs, or hypoicons, and briefly introduces a division of the latter into images, diagrams, and metaphors. Peirce scholars have tried to make better sense of those concepts by understanding iconic signs in the context of the ten classes of signs described in the same Syllabus. We will argue, however, that the three kinds of hypoicons can better be understood in the context of Peirce's sixty-six classes of (...) signs. We analyze examples of hypoicons taken from the field of information design, describing them in the framework of the sixty-six classes, and discuss the consequences of those descriptions to the debate about the order of determination of the 10 trichotomies that form those classes. (shrink)

Journal Name: Semiotica - Journal of the International Association for Semiotic Studies / Revue de l'Association Internationale de Sémiotique Volume: 2013 Issue: 196 Pages: 163-184.

*SufferingWhy so much pain/Why so much hate/When we are brothers/And should offer a hand?/Look at the suffering/Look at the torment/Coming from within/Our land is dying./Look at the suffering/Look at the torment/Coming from within/Our land suffers too much./Look at this mother/She has no more tears/She has nothing left to lament/Our land is dying. /Angola is so great/So rich and so beautiful/Let there be a place for all of us and for those who love it (bis)./Long live Angola/Long live Angola/Long live Angola.

Our intent with this article, given its space limitations, is converging two contemporary models of mind domain. Both are fundamental heuristic tools, being the first, the modular theory of mind, which enables us to understand important aspects of human cognition such as language, memory, learning (cognitive sciences). The second, the ornamental mind theory, explains certain apparent wasteful behaviors. The fundamental presuppositions of both metaphors are distinct: whilst the modular model is a product of cognitive sciences, the ornamental model is the (...) yield of the sexual selection principle. Basically, as heuristic tools, the modular theory demonstrates the mind as a computation, as a product of selection (natural selection) which processes information; on its turn, the ornamental mind theory proposes an awkward idea, which Amotz Zahavi called the handicap principle (sexual selection). (shrink)

This article critically analyses the notion of intentionality from several philosophical cognitive points of view. The authors argue that the notion of mental representation in the wider sense and intentionality in the narrower sense remains elusive despite accommodated paradoxes, improved semantic precision and more sophisticated strategies in dealing with intentionality. We will argue that different approaches to intentionality appear to be coherent in their inferences. However, most of them become contradictory and mutually exclusive when juxtaposed and applied to borderline questions. (...) While the explanatory value of both philosophy of mind as well as cognitive psychology should not be underestimated, we must note that not even hard-core neuroscience has been able to pin point what is going on in our minds, let alone come up with a clear cut explanation how it works or a definition of what thought really is. To date, however, intentionality is the best of all explanatory models regarding mental representations. (shrink)

O presente artigo pressupõe que contextos científicos se reduzem a contextos linguísticos e que, assumindo uma tese wittgensteiniana, portanto, “o mistério não está nas coisas; está no confuso modo que adotamos para falar delas”. Os pressupostos epistemológicos de tal tese fundamentam-se em quatro características da razão mesma, a saber, que: o exercício racional se faz mediante conceitos, até certo ponto inexatos e vagos; os conceitos elaborados pela atividade racional constituem-se em categorias para o pensamento; a atividade racional é discursiva, isto (...) é, fixa-se, expressa-se e comunica-se por meio da linguagem; e, por final, o produto final da atividade racional são os contextos racionais ou contextos científicos que são, na verdade, contextos linguísticos. (shrink)

Journal Name: Semiotica Issue: Ahead of print.

Com este artigo, pretendeu-se problematizar a integração da hipermídia educacional, nas Atividades de Estudo a Distância (AEDs), como possibilidade de potencializar a interação mediada por computador. Dessa forma, foram apresentadas algumas estratégias que embasaram o planejamento, a organização e a implementação de uma AED mediada pelo Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle). Assim, observou-se que é essencial que as AEDs sejam planejadas e organizadas didaticamente pelo professor, que define quais propósitos pretende alcançar no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem mediado pelas (...) Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), pois, elaborar uma AED hipermidiática e guiar seu desenvolvimento, tanto com relação à tecnologia quanto ao próprio conteúdo em questão, colabora na proposição de alternativas para resolvê-las e também possibilita uma maior interação entre os envolvidos (professor e alunos) na apropriação crítica do conhecimento escolar, o que contribui para a sustentabilidade do processo ensino e aprendizagem significativo e interativo para todos os envolvidos. (shrink)

As cidades brasileiras contemporâneas possuem espaços que ora privilegiam a realização de negócios e ora a construção de cidadania. Para compreender como são ocupados destes modos se faz necessário analisar as cidades; desde sua definição, passando pelo contexto político e econômico, para então compreender seu aspecto social. Assim, este artigo busca compreender se e em que medida as características dos espaços públicos impactam no processo de construção de cidadania. Analisando por meio de observação flutuante dois espaços públicos que são duas (...) praças urbanas centrais, localizadas em duas cidades no mesmo contexto metropolitanos. Perpassa-se pelo debate regional com o intuito de evidenciar que os conflitos são equivalentes nas diversas escalas; contudo a demonstração do contexto da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte/SP, objetiva tornar evidente que as estruturas físicas locais, dos espaços públicos urbanos centrais não direcionam as relações sociais e suas disputas, mas são um meio e resultado dessas. (shrink)

Este artigo procura pensar qual a importância da noção de “liberdade” para o conceito de história em Rousseau e Voltaire. Em ambas as perspectivas de abordagem, a história moderna segue uma norma teleológica ou há um espaço para a ação política?

El artículo presenta hechos estilizados sobre los doscientos años de historia económica brasileña según los liberales clásicos, nacionalistas y marxistas. Para ello se eligen algunos autores clásicos de cada orientación teórica por la influencia de sus interpretaciones. Mientras que los liberales clásicos alaban la dependencia económica y critican la lucha política por superar las herencias coloniales y neocoloniales, los nacionalistas y marxistas, de diferentes maneras, critican la dependencia y proponen superarla políticamente. En Brasil, los marxistas nunca han estado en el (...) poder, pero es claro un péndulo entre liberales y nacionalistas. La relevancia de la clasificación propuesta se ilustra al recordar que, hoy, Brasil es gobernado por un líder en la tradición del neoliberalismo autoritario latinoamericano inaugurado por Augusto Pinochet en 1973. Sin embargo, poco después de conmemorarse los 200 años de la independencia política en 07 de septiembre de 2022, la elección presidencial de octubre de 2022 puede marcar un nuevo giro en el péndulo hacia una visión nacionalista del pasado y el futuro de Brasil. (shrink)

This article presents some results of a research on computational strategies for the visualization of sign classification structures and sign processes. The focus of this research is the various classifications of signs described by Peirce. Two models are presented. One of them concerns specifically the 10-fold classification as described in the 1903 Syllabus (MS 540, EP 2: 289–299), while the other deals with the deep structure of Peirce’s various trichotomic classifications. The first is 10cubes, an interactive 3-D model of Peirce’s (...) 10-fold classification, as described in the Syllabus. The second is 3N3, a computer program that builds equivalent diagrams for any n-trichotomic classification of signs. We are specially interested in how a graphic design methodology, associated with computer graphic resources and techniques, can contribute to the construction of interactive models that serve as tools for the investigation of C. S. Peirce’s theory of signs. (shrink)

In semiotics, final causation can be related to the process of determination (PAPE, 1993). From Peirce’s point of view, determination is not a causal determinism, but a delimitation of a range of possibilities. One starts from objects towards interpretants, in a process mediated by the sign, in which the dynamic object works as a force that constrains interpretants to correspond to their objects. The correspondence between object and interpretant is important because it is through a generated interpretant that the object (...) of a sign can be known. Even though this process of determination coincides with the idea of final causation, there is a certain indeterminacy in it. For Peirce (EP 2:353, 1905), vagueness and generality are two types of indeterminacy. In the terms of the phenomenological categories, vagueness is an indeterminacy of the order of firstness, generality an indeterminacy of the order of thirdness, and both, to some extent, are opposed to that which is defined, which belongs to secondness. Each aspect of the sign may vary according to the three phenomenological categories. Consequently, degrees of imprecision are added to the semiotic process, which is a determination process. Peirce asserts that the perfect precision of thought is theoretically unattainable (SS 11, 1903). Every sign is vague or general at least to some degree. In this paper, we seek to perceive degrees of indetermination and causality from an analysis of the kinds of objects and interpretants proposed by Peirce in the system of 28 sign classes. (shrink)

This study aimed to outline the profile of retractions of scientific articles on COVID-19 published in journals indexed in the Scopus database between 2020 and 2021. To analyze the data, we used a bibliometric technique, with the Bibliometrix package in the R-Studio software, and descriptive statistics. Twenty-nine retractions were analyzed, and we found that the most common reasons for retraction were related to ethical issues and that 68.97% of authors have previously retracted articles. We concluded that there appears to have (...) been a change in the publication policies of journals, which resulted in an increase in scientific retractions related to COVID-19 during the study period. (shrink)

In the passage of time from the 1960s to the 1970s, the Brazilian artist Waldemar Cordeiro developed his first works in computer art by applying the mathematical concept of “derivative function.” Around the same time, he organized and took part in exhibitions, and composed a series of essays envisaging that the use of digital resources would become an inevitable process for the future of information reception and artistic communication. A closer look at Waldemar Cordeiro's production, both artistic and theoretical, after (...) almost 50 years of his first forays into the field of art and technology, is an excellent opportunity not only to revisit his trajectory, but to rewrite the history of digital art and our conception of it, locating Brazil and Latin America as situated centrally, not peripherally, in relation to the European and North American narratives. Drawing from theorists in the field of informational esthetics as well as scholars in the field of media such as Arlindo Machado and Vilém Flusser, this article seeks to demonstrate, through the analysis of Waldemar Cordeiro's theoretical–artistic productions, the relationship between his work, the field of cybernetics, and his utopian and social vision of artistic production. (shrink)

Using a subliminal priming lexical decision task, the present research investigated whether individuals who show negative implicit evaluations of an ex-partner immediately after a break-up show superior post-break-up emotional adjustment. As expected, individuals whose reaction times indicated negative implicit evaluations of their ex-partner showed reduced depressive affect immediately after the break-up. Individuals who did not initiate their break-up demonstrated less negative implicit evaluations of their ex-partners as well as more depressive affect. Finally, increased negative implicit evaluations of ex-partners over a (...) one-month period were associated with corresponding improvements in adjustment. The findings demonstrate a critical role for implicit evaluations in post-break-up adjustment. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem o escopo de investigar o conceito de Direito de Resistência em Baruch de Spinoza, através da sua obra Tratado Político e de seus comentadores. Inicialmente a resistência é apresentada em diferentes visões, Hobbes e Locke, seguida pela tradição hegemônica da filosofia política e logo contraposta ao conceito de Desobediência Civil. Em seguida, Spinoza surge com sua perspectiva inovadora, não diferenciando resistir de obedecer, caso certas circunstâncias se apresentem no ambiente político, a partir de uma breve contextualização e (...) análise do fundamento da Resistência neste autor, a potência da multidão. Por fim, busca-se o Decreto nº 8243/14 para submetê-lo a seguinte questão: pode este ser visto como uma institucionalização da Resistência, nos termos espinosanos? (shrink)

Este artigo aponta alguns dilemas e desafios colocados ao trabalho do historiador, hoje, pela longa tradição histórica cientificista herdada do século XIX, que pôs a História e Literatura em campos disciplinares rigorosamente separados. Através da análise dos procedimentos de composição e criação literária de João Guimarães Rosa em seu livro Grande Sertão:Veredas, este artigo procura argumentar em torno do valor de textos literários como textos que podem ajudar os historiadores na suplantação daqueles dilemas e desafios.

Resumo: O presente trabalho trata das atribuições de estados mentais, indispen¬sáveis às nossas interações com outras pessoas, traçando uma comparação entre as atribuições de atitudes proposicionais e as atribuições emocionais. A mente é aquilo que parece ser, o estudo de nossos mecanismos cognitivos revela os aspectos ontológicos do mental. Ao atribuirmos estados mentais proposicio¬nais às outras pessoas, somos capazes de nos relacionarmos por meio de uma linguagem complexa e articulada. Porém, na base dessas atribuições, estão as interações de segunda pessoa, (...) presenciais, corpo-a-corpo, em que as emoções de um dos envolvidos são diretamente alteradas pela expressão emocional do outro. A relevância dos mecanismos de atribuição de emoções por meio da interpretação comportamental será abordada. Além disso, argumentar-se-á que, sem as interações de segunda pessoa, a linguagem e a subjetividade complexa caracteristicamente humanas não serão constituídas. Palavras-chave: Emoções. Segunda Pessoa. Linguagem. Subjetividade. (shrink)

This article presents the first results of a research on visual models for the classifications of semiotic processes. The main issue discussed is how a graphic design methodology, associated with computer graphics resources, may contribute to the construction of interactive models, that can be used as tools for the investigation of C. S. Peirce theory of signs. Two models are presented: the first is an interactive 3-D model of Peirce's 3-trichotomic classification; the second is a computer program that builds diagrams (...) for any n-trichotomic classification of signs, and facilitates the analysis and comparison of different hypothesis regarding their structures. (shrink)

The classifications of signs are among the most important topics of Peirce's theory of signs. The 10 classes of signs were developed from 1903 and represent an important refinement of the fundamental division of signs into icons, indexes, and symbols. In this paper we present two diagrammatic models for 10 classes, proposed by Peirce, and an interpretation of the reasoning behind their development, based on the analysis of preparatory versions of these models.

Resumo: Mente é, para Peirce, um sistema de crenças que age para alcançar um determinado propósito. Não apenas Peirce atribui mente a instituições e grupos sociais, mas o desenvolvimento da mente depende da extensão dela além das mentes humanas individuais. Portanto, comunidades ou instituições sociais incorporam hábitos sociais e agem como mentes, com propósitos próprios, fixando crenças de dois tipos: crenças de importância vital e crenças teóricas, que têm relação com o conhecimento e a verdade. Redes sociais, na internet, podem (...) ser vistas como uma complexa mente social composta por indivíduos e suas mídias digitais, as quais englobam gadgets, algoritmos e plataformas. Se as redes sociais na internet atuam de forma a atingir certas crenças, de que tipo elas são? São crenças de importância vital ou crenças teóricas que conduzem ao conhecimento e à verdade? Esses dois tipos de crenças são suficientes para entender os modos de ação das redes sociais na internet? (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O presente estudo pretende analisar algumas questões relacionadas à forma como a historiografia avaliou a contribuiçáo lógica oferecida pelos filósofos estoicos. Trata-se, sobretudo, de dois posicionamentos em aberta oposiçáo: uma primeira análise é essencialmente negativa e depreciativa, negando qualquer valor às elaborações estoicas no campo da lógica; de outra parte, existe uma revalorizaçáo da importância da lógica dos estoicos na história da Filosofia, de modo geral, e na história da Lógica, especificamente. A principal (...) referência positiva aqui sublinhada é o trabalho do lógico Lukasiewicz. Pretende-se, assim, oferecer subsídios para uma reflexáo que amplie a avaliaçáo do potencial que a lógica estoica oferece aos estudiosos da Filosofia e da Lógica. (shrink)